According to the versions of the grub2 packages installed, the EulerOS installation on the remote host is affected by the following vulnerabilities :

    A stack overflow flaw was found when reading a BFS file system. A crafted BFS filesystem may lead to an     uncontrolled loop, causing grub2 to crash.(CVE-2024-45778)

    A flaw was found in grub2. When performing a symlink lookup from a romfs filesystem, grub's romfs     filesystem module uses user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal     buffer size, however, it improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciously crafted filesystem may     lead some of those buffer size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation     with a smaller size than expected. As a result, the grub_romfs_read_symlink() may cause out-of-bounds     writes when the calling grub_disk_read() function. This issue may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal     critical data and can result in arbitrary code execution by-passing secure boot     protections.(CVE-2025-0686)

    A flaw was found in grub2. When performing a symlink lookup from a reiserfs filesystem, grub's reiserfs fs     module uses user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal buffer size,     however, it improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciouly crafted filesystem may lead some of     those buffer size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller     size than expected. As a result, the grub_reiserfs_read_symlink() will call grub_reiserfs_read_real() with     a overflown length parameter, leading to a heap based out-of-bounds write during data reading. This flaw     may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and can result in arbitrary code execution, by-     passing secure boot protections.(CVE-2025-0684)

    An integer overflow flaw was found in the BFS file system driver in grub2. When reading a file with an     indirect extent map, grub2 fails to validate the number of extent entries to be read. A crafted or     corrupted BFS filesystem may cause an integer overflow during the file reading, leading to a heap of     bounds read. As a consequence, sensitive data may be leaked, or grub2 will crash.(CVE-2024-45779)

    A flaw was found in grub2. When reading data from a squash4 filesystem, grub's squash4 fs module uses     user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal buffer size, however, it     improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciously crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer     size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than     expected. As a result, the direct_read() will perform a heap based out-of-bounds write during data     reading. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and may result in arbitrary     code execution, by-passing secure boot protections.(CVE-2025-0678)

    A flaw was found in grub2. When performing a symlink lookup, the grub's UFS module checks the inode's data     size to allocate the internal buffer to read the file content, however, it fails to check if the symlink     data size has overflown. When this occurs, grub_malloc() may be called with a smaller value than needed.
    When further reading the data from the disk into the buffer, the grub_ufs_lookup_symlink() function will     write past the end of the allocated size. An attack can leverage this by crafting a malicious filesystem,     and as a result, it will corrupt data stored in the heap, allowing for arbitrary code execution used to     by-pass secure boot mechanisms.(CVE-2025-0677)

    A flaw was found in grub2. When reading tar files, grub2 allocates an internal buffer for the file name.
    However, it fails to properly verify the allocation against possible integer overflows. It's possible to     cause the allocation length to overflow with a crafted tar file, leading to a heap out-of-bounds write.
    This flaw eventually allows an attacker to circumvent secure boot protections.(CVE-2024-45780)

    A flaw was found in the HFS filesystem. When reading an HFS volume's name at grub_fs_mount(), the HFS     filesystem driver performs a strcpy() using the user-provided volume name as input without properly     validating the volume name's length. This issue may read to a heap-based out-of-bounds writer, impacting     grub's sensitive data integrity and eventually leading to a secure boot protection bypass.(CVE-2024-45782)

    The read command is used to read the keyboard input from the user, while reads it keeps the input length     in a 32-bit integer value which is further used to reallocate the line buffer to accept the next     character. During this process, with a line big enough it's possible to make this variable to overflow     leading to a out-of-bounds write in the heap based buffer. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's     internal critical data and secure boot bypass is not discarded as consequence.(CVE-2025-0690)

    A flaw was found in grub2. During the network boot process, when trying to search for the configuration     file, grub copies data from a user controlled environment variable into an internal buffer using the     grub_strcpy() function. During this step, it fails to consider the environment variable length when     allocating the internal buffer, resulting in an out-of-bounds write. If correctly exploited, this issue     may result in remote code execution through the same network segment grub is searching for the boot     information, which can be used to by-pass secure boot protections.(CVE-2025-0624)

    A flaw was found in grub2. When reading data from a jfs filesystem, grub's jfs filesystem module uses     user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal buffer size, however, it     improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciouly crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer     size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than     expected. As a result, the grub_jfs_lookup_symlink() function will write past the internal buffer length     during grub_jfs_read_file(). This issue can be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and may     result in arbitrary code execution, by-passing secure boot protections.(CVE-2025-0685)

    When reading data from disk, the grub's UDF filesystem module utilizes the user controlled data length     metadata to allocate its internal buffers. In certain scenarios, while iterating through disk sectors, it     assumes the read size from the disk is always smaller than the allocated buffer size which is not     guaranteed. A crafted filesystem image may lead to a heap-based buffer overflow resulting in critical data     to be corrupted, resulting in the risk of arbitrary code execution by-passing secure boot     protections.(CVE-2025-0689)

    When reading data from a hfs filesystem, grub's hfs filesystem module uses user-controlled parameters from     the filesystem metadata to calculate the internal buffers size, however it misses to properly check for     integer overflows. A maliciouly crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer size calculation to     overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than expected. As a result     the hfsplus_open_compressed_real() function will write past of the internal buffer length. This flaw may     be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and may result in arbitrary code execution by-     passing secure boot protections.(CVE-2025-1125)

    A flaw was found in grub2. The calculation of the translation buffer when reading a language .mo file in     grub_gettext_getstr_from_position() may overflow, leading to a Out-of-bound write. This issue can be     leveraged by an attacker to overwrite grub2's sensitive heap data, eventually leading to the circumvention     of secure boot protections.(CVE-2024-45777)

    A flaw was found in grub2. Grub's dump command is not blocked when grub is in lockdown mode, which allows     the user to read any memory information, and an attacker may leverage this in order to extract signatures,     salts, and other sensitive information from the memory.(CVE-2025-1118)

    grub2 allowed attackers with access to the grub shell to access files on the encrypted     disks.(CVE-2024-49504)

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the EulerOS grub2 security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The version of Tencent Linux installed on the remote TencentOS Server 4 host is prior to tested version. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the TSSA-2025:0232 advisory.

    Package updates are available for TencentOS Server 4 that fix the following vulnerabilities:

    CVE-2025-1125:
    When reading data from a hfs filesystem, grub's hfs filesystem module uses user-controlled parameters from     the filesystem metadata to calculate the internal buffers size, however it misses to properly check for     integer overflows. A maliciouly crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer size calculation to     overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than expected. As a result     the hfsplus_open_compressed_real() function will write past of the internal buffer length. This flaw may     be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and may result in arbitrary code execution by-     passing secure boot protections.

    CVE-2025-1118:
    A flaw was found in grub2. Grub's dump command is not blocked when grub is in lockdown mode, which allows     the user to read any memory information, and an attacker may leverage this in order to extract signatures,     salts, and other sensitive information from the memory.

    CVE-2025-0690:
    The read command is used to read the keyboard input from the user, while reads it keeps the input length     in a 32-bit integer value which is further used to reallocate the line buffer to accept the next     character. During this process, with a line big enough it's possible to make this variable to overflow     leading to a out-of-bounds write in the heap based buffer. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's     internal critical data and secure boot bypass is not discarded as consequence.

    CVE-2025-0689:
    When reading data from disk, the grub's UDF filesystem module utilizes the user controlled data length     metadata to allocate its internal buffers. In certain scenarios, while iterating through disk sectors, it     assumes the read size from the disk is always smaller than the allocated buffer size which is not     guaranteed. A crafted filesystem image may lead to a heap-based buffer overflow resulting in critical data     to be corrupted, resulting in the risk of arbitrary code execution by-passing secure boot protections.

    CVE-2025-0686:
    A flaw was found in grub2. When performing a symlink lookup from a romfs filesystem, grub's romfs     filesystem module uses user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal     buffer size, however, it improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciously crafted filesystem may     lead some of those buffer size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation     with a smaller size than expected. As a result, the grub_romfs_read_symlink() may cause out-of-bounds     writes when the calling grub_disk_read() function. This issue may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal     critical data and can result in arbitrary code execution by-passing secure boot protections.

    CVE-2025-0685:
    A flaw was found in grub2. When reading data from a jfs filesystem, grub's jfs filesystem module uses     user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal buffer size, however, it     improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciouly crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer     size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than     expected. As a result, the grub_jfs_lookup_symlink() function will write past the internal buffer length     during grub_jfs_read_file(). This issue can be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and may     result in arbitrary code execution, by-passing secure boot protections.

    CVE-2025-0684:
    A flaw was found in grub2. When performing a symlink lookup from a reiserfs filesystem, grub's reiserfs fs     module uses user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal buffer size,     however, it improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciouly crafted filesystem may lead some of     those buffer size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller     size than expected. As a result, the grub_reiserfs_read_symlink() will call grub_reiserfs_read_real() with     a overflown length parameter, leading to a heap based out-of-bounds write during data reading. This flaw     may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and can result in arbitrary code execution, by-     passing secure boot protections.

    CVE-2025-0678:
    A flaw was found in grub2. When reading data from a squash4 filesystem, grub's squash4 fs module uses     user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal buffer size, however, it     improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciously crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer     size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than     expected. As a result, the direct_read() will perform a heap based out-of-bounds write during data     reading. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and may result in arbitrary     code execution, by-passing secure boot protections.

    CVE-2025-0677:
    A flaw was found in grub2. When performing a symlink lookup, the grub's UFS module checks the inode's data     size to allocate the internal buffer to read the file content, however, it fails to check if the symlink     data size has overflown. When this occurs, grub_malloc() may be called with a smaller value than needed.
    When further reading the data from the disk into the buffer, the grub_ufs_lookup_symlink() function will     write past the end of the allocated size. An attack can leverage this by crafting a malicious filesystem,     and as a result, it will corrupt data stored in the heap, allowing for arbitrary code execution used to     by-pass secure boot mechanisms.

    CVE-2025-0624:
    A flaw was found in grub2. During the network boot process, when trying to search for the configuration     file, grub copies data from a user controlled environment variable into an internal buffer using the     grub_strcpy() function. During this step, it fails to consider the environment variable length when     allocating the internal buffer, resulting in an out-of-bounds write. If correctly exploited, this issue     may result in remote code execution through the same network segment grub is searching for the boot     information, which can be used to by-pass secure boot protections.

    CVE-2025-0622:
    A flaw was found in command/gpg. In some scenarios, hooks created by loaded modules are not removed when     the related module is unloaded. This flaw allows an attacker to force grub2 to call the hooks once the     module that registered it was unloaded, leading to a use-after-free vulnerability. If correctly exploited,     this vulnerability may result in arbitrary code execution, eventually allowing the attacker to bypass     secure boot protections.

    CVE-2024-45783:
    A flaw was found in grub2. When failing to mount an HFS+ grub, the hfsplus filesystem driver doesn't     properly set an ERRNO value. This issue may lead to a NULL pointer access.

    CVE-2024-45782:
    A flaw was found in the HFS filesystem. When reading an HFS volume's name at grub_fs_mount(), the HFS     filesystem driver performs a strcpy() using the user-provided volume name as input without properly     validating the volume name's length. This issue may read to a heap-based out-of-bounds writer, impacting     grub's sensitive data integrity and eventually leading to a secure boot protection bypass.

    CVE-2024-45781:
    A flaw was found in grub2. When reading a symbolic link's name from a UFS filesystem, grub2 fails to     validate the string length taken as an input. The lack of validation may lead to a heap out-of-bounds     write, causing data integrity issues and eventually allowing an attacker to circumvent secure boot     protections.

    CVE-2024-45780:
    A flaw was found in grub2. When reading tar files, grub2 allocates an internal buffer for the file name.
    However, it fails to properly verify the allocation against possible integer overflows. It's possible to     cause the allocation length to overflow with a crafted tar file, leading to a heap out-of-bounds write.
    This flaw eventually allows an attacker to circumvent secure boot protections.

    CVE-2024-45779:
    An integer overflow flaw was found in the BFS file system driver in grub2. When reading a file with an     indirect extent map, grub2 fails to validate the number of extent entries to be read. A crafted or     corrupted BFS filesystem may cause an integer overflow during the file reading, leading to a heap of     bounds read. As a consequence, sensitive data may be leaked, or grub2 will crash.

    CVE-2024-45778:
    A stack overflow flaw was found when reading a BFS file system. A crafted BFS filesystem may lead to an     uncontrolled loop, causing grub2 to crash.

    CVE-2024-45777:
    A flaw was found in grub2. The calculation of the translation buffer when reading a language .mo file in     grub_gettext_getstr_from_position() may overflow, leading to a Out-of-bound write. This issue can be     leveraged by an attacker to overwrite grub2's sensitive heap data, eventually leading to the circumvention     of secure boot protections.

    CVE-2024-45776:
    When reading the language .mo file in grub_mofile_open(), grub2 fails to verify an integer overflow when     allocating its internal buffer. A crafted .mo file may lead the buffer size calculation to overflow,     leading to out-of-bound reads and writes. This flaw allows an attacker to leak sensitive data or overwrite     critical data, possibly circumventing secure boot protections.

    CVE-2024-45775:
    A flaw was found in grub2 where the grub_extcmd_dispatcher() function calls grub_arg_list_alloc() to     allocate memory for the grub's argument list. However, it fails to check in case the memory allocation     fails. Once the allocation fails, a NULL point will be processed by the parse_option() function, leading     grub to crash or, in some rare scenarios, corrupt the IVT data.

    CVE-2024-45774:
    A flaw was found in grub2. A specially crafted JPEG file can cause the JPEG parser of grub2 to incorrectly     check the bounds of its internal buffers, resulting in an out-of-bounds write. The possibility of     overwriting sensitive information to bypass secure boot protections is not discarded.

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Tencent Linux security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The CentOS Linux 8.5 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the TuxCare CENTOS8.5:CLSA-2025:1744628858 advisory.

  - A flaw was found in grub2. A specially crafted JPEG file can cause the JPEG parser of grub2 to incorrectly     check the bounds of its internal buffers, resulting in an out-of-bounds write. The possibility of     overwriting sensitive information to bypass secure boot protections is not discarded. (CVE-2024-45774)

  - A flaw was found in grub2 where the grub_extcmd_dispatcher() function calls grub_arg_list_alloc() to     allocate memory for the grub's argument list. However, it fails to check in case the memory allocation     fails. Once the allocation fails, a NULL point will be processed by the parse_option() function, leading     grub to crash or, in some rare scenarios, corrupt the IVT data. (CVE-2024-45775)

  - When reading the language .mo file in grub_mofile_open(), grub2 fails to verify an integer overflow when     allocating its internal buffer. A crafted .mo file may lead the buffer size calculation to overflow,     leading to out-of-bound reads and writes. This flaw allows an attacker to leak sensitive data or overwrite     critical data, possibly circumventing secure boot protections. (CVE-2024-45776)

  - A flaw was found in grub2. When reading a symbolic link's name from a UFS filesystem, grub2 fails to     validate the string length taken as an input. The lack of validation may lead to a heap out-of-bounds     write, causing data integrity issues and eventually allowing an attacker to circumvent secure boot     protections. (CVE-2024-45781)

  - A flaw was found in the HFS filesystem. When reading an HFS volume's name at grub_fs_mount(), the HFS     filesystem driver performs a strcpy() using the user-provided volume name as input without properly     validating the volume name's length. This issue may read to a heap-based out-of-bounds writer, impacting     grub's sensitive data integrity and eventually leading to a secure boot protection bypass.
    (CVE-2024-45782)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The AlmaLinux 9.2 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the TuxCare ALMALINUX9.2:CLSA-2025:1742805183 advisory.

  - A flaw was found in the grub2-set-bootflag utility of grub2. After the fix of CVE-2019-14865, grub2-set-     bootflag will create a temporary file with the new grubenv content and rename it to the original grubenv     file. If the program is killed before the rename operation, the temporary file will not be removed and may     fill the filesystem when invoked multiple times, resulting in a filesystem out of free inodes or blocks.
    (CVE-2024-1048)

  - A flaw was found in grub2. A specially crafted JPEG file can cause the JPEG parser of grub2 to incorrectly     check the bounds of its internal buffers, resulting in an out-of-bounds write. The possibility of     overwriting sensitive information to bypass secure boot protections is not discarded. (CVE-2024-45774)

  - A flaw was found in grub2 where the grub_extcmd_dispatcher() function calls grub_arg_list_alloc() to     allocate memory for the grub's argument list. However, it fails to check in case the memory allocation     fails. Once the allocation fails, a NULL point will be processed by the parse_option() function, leading     grub to crash or, in some rare scenarios, corrupt the IVT data. (CVE-2024-45775)

  - When reading the language .mo file in grub_mofile_open(), grub2 fails to verify an integer overflow when     allocating its internal buffer. A crafted .mo file may lead the buffer size calculation to overflow,     leading to out-of-bound reads and writes. This flaw allows an attacker to leak sensitive data or overwrite     critical data, possibly circumventing secure boot protections. (CVE-2024-45776)

  - A flaw was found in grub2. The calculation of the translation buffer when reading a language .mo file in     grub_gettext_getstr_from_position() may overflow, leading to a Out-of-bound write. This issue can be     leveraged by an attacker to overwrite grub2's sensitive heap data, eventually leading to the circumvention     of secure boot protections. (CVE-2024-45777)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The remote NewStart CGSL host, running version MAIN 7.02, has grub2 packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities:

  - A flaw was found in grub2. When reading data from a squash4 filesystem, grub's squash4 fs module uses     user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal buffer size, however, it     improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciously crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer     size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than     expected. As a result, the direct_read() will perform a heap based out-of-bounds write during data     reading. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and may result in arbitrary     code execution, by-passing secure boot protections. (CVE-2025-0678)

  - A stack overflow flaw was found when reading a BFS file system. A crafted BFS filesystem may lead to an     uncontrolled loop, causing grub2 to crash. (CVE-2024-45778)

  - An integer overflow flaw was found in the BFS file system driver in grub2. When reading a file with an     indirect extent map, grub2 fails to validate the number of extent entries to be read. A crafted or     corrupted BFS filesystem may cause an integer overflow during the file reading, leading to a heap of     bounds read. As a consequence, sensitive data may be leaked, or grub2 will crash. (CVE-2024-45779)

  - A flaw was found in the HFS filesystem. When reading an HFS volume's name at grub_fs_mount(), the HFS     filesystem driver performs a strcpy() using the user-provided volume name as input without properly     validating the volume name's length. This issue may read to a heap-based out-of-bounds writer, impacting     grub's sensitive data integrity and eventually leading to a secure boot protection bypass.
    (CVE-2024-45782)

  - GNU GRUB (aka GRUB2) through 2.12 has a heap-based buffer overflow in fs/hfs.c via crafted sblock data in     an HFS filesystem. (CVE-2024-56737)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

ID	名称	产品	系列	发布时间	最近更新时间	严重程度
238403	EulerOS 2.0 SP11 : grub2 (EulerOS-SA-2025-1660)	Nessus	Huawei Local Security Checks	2025/6/12	2025/6/12	high
239211	TencentOS Server 4: grub2 (TSSA-2025:0232)	Nessus	Tencent Local Security Checks	2025/6/16	2025/11/20	high
360773	CentOS Linux 8.5 [TuxCare] Security Update: grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot / grub2-efi-ia32-modules / grub2-efi-x64 / etc Multiple Vulnerabilities (CENTOS8.5:CLSA-2025:1744628858)	Nessus	CentOS Local Security Checks	2026/10/1	2026/10/1	high
360987	AlmaLinux 9.2 [TuxCare] Security Update: grub2-common / grub2-efi-aa64-modules / grub2-efi-x64 / etc Multiple Vulnerabilities (ALMALINUX9.2:CLSA-2025:1742805183)	Nessus	Alma Linux Local Security Checks	2026/10/1	2026/10/1	high
238000	NewStart CGSL MAIN 7.02 : grub2 Multiple Vulnerabilities (NS-SA-2025-0082)	Nessus	NewStart CGSL Local Security Checks	2025/6/9	2025/6/18	high

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