The remote SUSE Linux SLES15 / SLES_SAP15 / openSUSE 15 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the SUSE-SU-2023:2148-1 advisory.

  - An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.8. lib/nlattr.c allows attackers to cause a denial of     service (unbounded recursion) via a nested Netlink policy with a back reference. (CVE-2020-36691)

  - A regression exists in the Linux Kernel within KVM: nVMX that allowed for speculative execution attacks.
    L2 can carry out Spectre v2 attacks on L1 due to L1 thinking it doesn't need retpolines or IBPB after     running L2 due to KVM (L0) advertising eIBRS support to L1. An attacker at L2 with code execution can     execute code on an indirect branch on the host machine. We recommend upgrading to Kernel 6.2 or past     commit 2e7eab81425a (CVE-2022-2196)

  - The Linux kernel NFSD implementation prior to versions 5.19.17 and 6.0.2 are vulnerable to buffer     overflow. NFSD tracks the number of pages held by each NFSD thread by combining the receive and send     buffers of a remote procedure call (RPC) into a single array of pages. A client can force the send buffer     to shrink by sending an RPC message over TCP with garbage data added at the end of the message. The RPC     message with garbage data is still correctly formed according to the specification and is passed forward     to handlers. Vulnerable code in NFSD is not expecting the oversized request and writes beyond the     allocated buffer space. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H (CVE-2022-43945)

  - A use-after-free flaw was found in btrfs_search_slot in fs/btrfs/ctree.c in btrfs in the Linux Kernel.This     flaw allows an attacker to crash the system and possibly cause a kernel information lea (CVE-2023-1611)

  - A flaw use after free in the Linux kernel Xircom 16-bit PCMCIA (PC-card) Ethernet driver was found.A local     user could use this flaw to crash the system or potentially escalate their privileges on the system.
    (CVE-2023-1670)

  - A use-after-free flaw was found in vhost_net_set_backend in drivers/vhost/net.c in virtio network     subcomponent in the Linux kernel due to a double fget. This flaw could allow a local attacker to crash the     system, and could even lead to a kernel information leak problem. (CVE-2023-1838)

  - A use-after-free flaw was found in xgene_hwmon_remove in drivers/hwmon/xgene-hwmon.c in the Hardware     Monitoring Linux Kernel Driver (xgene-hwmon). This flaw could allow a local attacker to crash the system     due to a race problem. This vulnerability could even lead to a kernel information leak problem.
    (CVE-2023-1855)

  - A use-after-free vulnerability in the Linux Kernel io_uring system can be exploited to achieve local     privilege escalation. The io_file_get_fixed function lacks the presence of ctx->uring_lock which can lead     to a Use-After-Free vulnerability due a race condition with fixed files getting unregistered. We recommend     upgrading past commit da24142b1ef9fd5d36b76e36bab328a5b27523e8. (CVE-2023-1872)

  - A use-after-free flaw was found in btsdio_remove in drivers\bluetooth\btsdio.c in the Linux Kernel. In     this flaw, a call to btsdio_remove with an unfinished job, may cause a race problem leading to a UAF on     hdev devices. (CVE-2023-1989)

  - A use-after-free flaw was found in ndlc_remove in drivers/nfc/st-nci/ndlc.c in the Linux Kernel. This flaw     could allow an attacker to crash the system due to a race problem. (CVE-2023-1990)

  - The Linux kernel allows userspace processes to enable mitigations by calling prctl with     PR_SET_SPECULATION_CTRL which disables the speculation feature as well as by using seccomp. We had noticed     that on VMs of at least one major cloud provider, the kernel still left the victim process exposed to     attacks in some cases even after enabling the spectre-BTI mitigation with prctl. The same behavior can be     observed on a bare-metal machine when forcing the mitigation to IBRS on boot command line. This happened     because when plain IBRS was enabled (not enhanced IBRS), the kernel had some logic that determined that     STIBP was not needed. The IBRS bit implicitly protects against cross-thread branch target injection.
    However, with legacy IBRS, the IBRS bit was cleared on returning to userspace, due to performance reasons,     which disabled the implicit STIBP and left userspace threads vulnerable to cross-thread branch target     injection against which STIBP protects. (CVE-2023-1998)

  - A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's udmabuf device driver. The specific flaw exists within a fault     handler. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a     memory access past the end of an array. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges     and execute arbitrary code in the context of the kernel. (CVE-2023-2008)

  - An out-of-bounds memory access flaw was found in the Linux kernel's XFS file system in how a user restores     an XFS image after failure (with a dirty log journal). This flaw allows a local user to crash or     potentially escalate their privileges on the system. (CVE-2023-2124)

  - A use-after-free vulnerability was found in iscsi_sw_tcp_session_create in drivers/scsi/iscsi_tcp.c in     SCSI sub-component in the Linux Kernel. In this flaw an attacker could leak kernel internal information.
    (CVE-2023-2162)

  - A vulnerability was found in compare_netdev_and_ip in drivers/infiniband/core/cma.c in RDMA in the Linux     Kernel. The improper cleanup results in out-of-boundary read, where a local user can utilize this problem     to crash the system or escalation of privilege. (CVE-2023-2176)

  - The Linux kernel before 6.2.9 has a race condition and resultant use-after-free in     drivers/power/supply/da9150-charger.c if a physically proximate attacker unplugs a device.
    (CVE-2023-30772)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The remote Debian 11 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the dsa-5480 advisory.

    Several vulnerabilities have been discovered in the Linux kernel that may lead to a privilege escalation,     denial of service or information leaks. CVE-2022-4269 William Zhao discovered that a flaw in the Traffic     Control (TC) subsystem when using a specific networking configuration (redirecting egress packets to     ingress using TC action mirred), may allow a local unprivileged user to cause a denial of service     (triggering a CPU soft lockup). CVE-2022-39189 Jann Horn discovered that TLB flush operations are     mishandled in the KVM subsystem in certain KVM_VCPU_PREEMPTED situations, which may allow an unprivileged     guest user to compromise the guest kernel. CVE-2023-1206 It was discovered that the networking stack     permits attackers to force hash collisions in the IPv6 connection lookup table, which may result in denial     of service (significant increase in the cost of lookups, increased CPU utilization). CVE-2023-1380 Jisoo     Jang reported a heap out-of-bounds read in the brcmfmac Wi-Fi driver. On systems using this driver, a     local user could exploit this to read sensitive information or to cause a denial of service. CVE-2023-2002     Ruiahn Li reported an incorrect permissions check in the Bluetooth subsystem. A local user could exploit     this to reconfigure local Bluetooth interfaces, resulting in information leaks, spoofing, or denial of     service (loss of connection). CVE-2023-2007 Lucas Leong and Reno Robert discovered a time-of-check-to-     time-of-use flaw in the dpt_i2o SCSI controller driver. A local user with access to a SCSI device using     this driver could exploit this for privilege escalation. This flaw has been mitigated by removing support     for the I2OUSRCMD operation. CVE-2023-2124 Kyle Zeng, Akshay Ajayan and Fish Wang discovered that missing     metadata validation may result in denial of service or potential privilege escalation if a corrupted XFS     disk image is mounted. CVE-2023-2269 Zheng Zhang reported that improper handling of locking in the device     mapper implementation may result in denial of service. CVE-2023-2898 It was discovered that missing     sanitising in the f2fs file system may result in denial of service if a malformed file system is accessed.
    CVE-2023-3090 It was discovered that missing initialization in ipvlan networking may lead to an out-of-     bounds write vulnerability, resulting in denial of service or potentially the execution of arbitrary code.
    CVE-2023-3111 The TOTE Robot tool found a flaw in the Btrfs filesystem driver that can lead to a use-     after-free. It's unclear whether an unprivileged user can exploit this. CVE-2023-3212 Yang Lan discovered     that missing validation in the GFS2 filesystem could result in denial of service via a NULL pointer     dereference when mounting a malformed GFS2 filesystem. CVE-2023-3268 It was discovered that an out-of-     bounds memory access in relayfs could result in denial of service or an information leak. CVE-2023-3338     Davide Ornaghi discovered a flaw in the DECnet protocol implementation which could lead to a null pointer     dereference or use-after-free. A local user can exploit this to cause a denial of service (crash or memory     corruption) and probably for privilege escalation. This flaw has been mitigated by removing the DECnet     protocol implementation. CVE-2023-3389 Querijn Voet discovered a use-after-free in the io_uring subsystem,     which may result in denial of service or privilege escalation. CVE-2023-3611 It was discovered that an     out-of-bounds write in the traffic control subsystem for the Quick Fair Queueing scheduler (QFQ) may     result in denial of service or privilege escalation. CVE-2023-3609, CVE-2023-3776, CVE-2023-4128 It was     discovered that a use-after-free in the cls_fw, cls_u32, cls_route and network classifiers may result in     denial of service or potential local privilege escalation. CVE-2023-3863 It was discovered that a use-     after-free in the NFC implementation may result in denial of service, an information leak or potential     local privilege escalation. CVE-2023-4004 It was discovered that a use-after-free in Netfilter's     implementation of PIPAPO (PIle PAcket POlicies) may result in denial of service or potential local     privilege escalation for a user with the CAP_NET_ADMIN capability in any user or network namespace.
    CVE-2023-4132 A use-after-free in the driver for Siano SMS1xxx based MDTV receivers may result in local     denial of service. CVE-2023-4147 Kevin Rich discovered a use-after-free in Netfilter when adding a rule     with NFTA_RULE_CHAIN_ID, which may result in local privilege escalation for a user with the CAP_NET_ADMIN     capability in any user or network namespace. CVE-2023-4194 A type confusion in the implementation of     TUN/TAP network devices may allow a local user to bypass network filters. CVE-2023-4273 Maxim Suhanov     discovered a stack overflow in the exFAT driver, which may result in local denial of service via a     malformed file system. CVE-2023-20588 Jana Hofmann, Emanuele Vannacci, Cedric Fournet, Boris Koepf and     Oleksii Oleksenko discovered that on some AMD CPUs with the Zen1 micro architecture an integer division by     zero may leave stale quotient data from a previous division, resulting in a potential leak of sensitive     data. CVE-2023-21255 A use-after-free was discovered in the Android binder driver, which may result in     local privilege escalation on systems where the binder driver is loaded. CVE-2023-21400 Ye Zhang and     Nicolas Wu discovered a double-free in the io_uring subsystem, which may result in denial of service or     privilege escalation. CVE-2023-31084 It was discovered that the DVB Core driver does not properly handle     locking of certain events, allowing a local user to cause a denial of service. CVE-2023-34319 Ross     Lagerwall discovered a buffer overrun in Xen's netback driver which may allow a Xen guest to cause denial     of service to the virtualisation host by sending malformed packets. CVE-2023-35788 Hangyu Hua discovered     that an off-by-one in the Flower traffic classifier may result in local denial of service or the execution     of privilege escalation. CVE-2023-40283 A use-after-free was discovered in Bluetooth L2CAP socket     handling. For the oldstable distribution (bullseye), these problems have been fixed in version 5.10.191-1.
    We recommend that you upgrade your linux packages. For the detailed security status of linux please refer     to its security tracker page at: https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/linux

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Debian security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

According to the versions of the kernel packages installed, the EulerOS installation on the remote host is affected by the following vulnerabilities :

    A use-after-free flaw was found in net/sched/cls_fw.c in classifiers (cls_fw, cls_u32, and cls_route) in     the Linux Kernel. This flaw allows a local attacker to perform a local privilege escalation due to     incorrect handling of the existing filter, leading to a kernel information leak issue.(CVE-2023-4128)

    A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's TUN/TAP functionality. This issue could allow a local user to     bypass network filters and gain unauthorized access to some resources. The original patches fixing     CVE-2023-1076 are incorrect or incomplete. The problem is that the following upstream commits -     a096ccca6e50 ('tun: tun_chr_open(): correctly initialize socket uid'), - 66b2c338adce ('tap: tap_open():
    correctly initialize socket uid'), pass 'inode-i_uid' to sock_init_data_uid() as the last parameter and     that turns out to not be accurate.(CVE-2023-4194)

    A use-after-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel's net/sched: cls_fw component can be exploited to     achieve local privilege escalation.If tcf_change_indev() fails, fw_set_parms() will immediately return an     error after incrementing or decrementing the reference counter in tcf_bind_filter(). If an attacker can     control the reference counter and set it to zero, they can cause the reference to be freed, leading to a     use-after-free vulnerability.We recommend upgrading past commit     0323bce598eea038714f941ce2b22541c46d488f.(CVE-2023-3776)

    A use-after-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel's net/sched: cls_u32 component can be exploited to     achieve local privilege escalation.If tcf_change_indev() fails, u32_set_parms() will immediately return an     error after incrementing or decrementing the reference counter in tcf_bind_filter(). If an attacker can     control the reference counter and set it to zero, they can cause the reference to be freed, leading to a     use-after-free vulnerability.We recommend upgrading past commit     04c55383fa5689357bcdd2c8036725a55ed632bc.(CVE-2023-3609)

    A flaw was found in the Linux kernels IP framework for transforming packets (XFRM subsystem). This     issue may allow a malicious user with CAP_NET_ADMIN privileges to directly dereference a NULL pointer in     xfrm_update_ae_params(), leading to a possible kernel crash and denial of service.(CVE-2023-3772)

    An out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the Linux kernel's net/sched: sch_qfq component can be exploited     to achieve local privilege escalation.The qfq_change_agg() function in net/sched/sch_qfq.c allows an out-     of-bounds write because lmax is updated according to packet sizes without bounds checks.We recommend     upgrading past commit 3e337087c3b5805fe0b8a46ba622a962880b5d64.(CVE-2023-3611)

    Linux Kernel nftables Out-Of-Bounds Read/Write Vulnerability; nft_byteorder poorly handled vm register     contents when CAP_NET_ADMIN is in any user or network namespace(CVE-2023-35001)

    A use-after-free vulnerability was found in the Linux kernel's netfilter subsystem in     net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c.Mishandled error handling with NFT_MSG_NEWRULE makes it possible to use a     dangling pointer in the same transaction causing a use-after-free vulnerability. This flaw allows a local     attacker with user access to cause a privilege escalation issue.We recommend upgrading past     commit1240eb93f0616b21c675416516ff3d74798fdc97.(CVE-2023-3390)

    An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 6.3.3. There is an out-of-bounds read in crc16 in     lib/crc16.c when called from fs/ext4/super.c because ext4_group_desc_csum does not properly check an     offset. NOTE: this is disputed by third parties because the kernel is not intended to defend against     attackers with the stated 'When modifying the block device while it is mounted by the filesystem'     access.(CVE-2023-34256)

    A hash collision flaw was found in the IPv6 connection lookup table in the Linux kernels IPv6     functionality when a user makes a new kind of SYN flood attack. A user located in the local network or     with a high bandwidth connection can increase the CPU usage of the server that accepts IPV6 connections up     to 95%.(CVE-2023-1206)

    An out of bounds (OOB) memory access flaw was found in the Linux kernel in relay_file_read_start_pos in     kernel/relay.c in the relayfs. This flaw could allow a local attacker to crash the system or leak kernel     internal information.(CVE-2023-3268)

    An issue was discovered in fl_set_geneve_opt in net/sched/cls_flower.c in the Linux kernel before 6.3.7.
    It allows an out-of-bounds write in the flower classifier code via TCA_FLOWER_KEY_ENC_OPTS_GENEVE packets.
    This may result in denial of service or privilege escalation.(CVE-2023-35788)

    A flaw was found in the Framebuffer Console (fbcon) in the Linux Kernel. When providing font-width and     font-height greater than 32 to fbcon_set_font, since there are no checks in place, a shift-out-of-     bounds occurs leading to undefined behavior and possible denial of service.(CVE-2023-3161)

    A denial of service problem was found, due to a possible recursive locking scenario, resulting in a     deadlock in table_clear in drivers/md/dm-ioctl.c in the Linux Kernel Device Mapper-Multipathing sub-     component.(CVE-2023-2269)

    The Linux kernel before 6.2.9 has a race condition and resultant use-after-free in     drivers/net/ethernet/qualcomm/emac/emac.c if a physically proximate attacker unplugs an emac based     device.(CVE-2023-33203)

    In the Linux kernel through 6.3.1, a use-after-free in Netfilter nf_tables when processing batch requests     can be abused to perform arbitrary read and write operations on kernel memory. Unprivileged local users     can obtain root privileges. This occurs because anonymous sets are mishandled.(CVE-2023-32233)

    A flaw was found in the Linux kernel Traffic Control (TC) subsystem. Using a specific networking     configuration (redirecting egress packets to ingress using TC action 'mirred') a local unprivileged user     could trigger a CPU soft lockup (ABBA deadlock) when the transport protocol in use (TCP or SCTP) does a     retransmission, resulting in a denial of service condition.(CVE-2022-4269)

    A use-after-free flaw was found in r592_remove in drivers/memstick/host/r592.c in media access in the     Linux Kernel. This flaw allows a local attacker to crash the system at device disconnect, possibly leading     to a kernel information leak.(CVE-2023-3141)

    A speculative pointer dereference problem exists in the Linux Kernel on the do_prlimit() function. The     resource argument value is controlled and is used in pointer arithmetic for the 'rlim' variable and can be     used to leak the contents. We recommend upgrading past version 6.1.8 or     commit739790605705ddcf18f21782b9c99ad7d53a8c11(CVE-2023-0458)

    A vulnerability was found in compare_netdev_and_ip in drivers/infiniband/core/cma.c in RDMA in the Linux     Kernel. The improper cleanup results in out-of-boundary read, where a local user can utilize this problem     to crash the system or escalation of privilege.(CVE-2023-2176)

    A heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the Linux Kernel ipvlan network driver can be exploited to     achieve local privilege escalation.The out-of-bounds write is caused by missing skb-cb  initialization     in the ipvlan network driver. The vulnerability is reachable ifCONFIG_IPVLAN is enabled.We recommend     upgrading past commit 90cbed5247439a966b645b34eb0a2e037836ea8e.(CVE-2023-3090)

    A null pointer dereference issue was found in the sctp network protocol in net/sctp/stream_sched.c in     Linux Kernel. If stream_in allocation is failed, stream_out is freed which would further be accessed. A     local user could use this flaw to crash the system or potentially cause a denial of     service.(CVE-2023-2177)

    An out-of-bounds memory access flaw was found in the Linux kernels XFS file system in how a user     restores an XFS image after failure (with a dirty log journal). This flaw allows a local user to crash or     potentially escalate their privileges on the system.(CVE-2023-2124)

    qfq_change_class in net/sched/sch_qfq.c in the Linux kernel before 6.2.13 allows an out-of-bounds write     because lmax can exceed QFQ_MIN_LMAX.(CVE-2023-31436)

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the EulerOS kernel security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

ID	名称	产品	系列	发布时间	最近更新时间	严重程度
175525	SUSE SLES15 / openSUSE 15 Security Update : kernel (SUSE-SU-2023:2148-1)	Nessus	SuSE Local Security Checks	2023/5/13	2023/7/14	high
180016	Debian DSA-5480-1 : linux - security update	Nessus	Debian Local Security Checks	2023/8/22	2025/9/24	high
188953	EulerOS 2.0 SP8 : kernel (EulerOS-SA-2023-3132)	Nessus	Huawei Local Security Checks	2024/1/16	2025/9/26	high
235961	Alibaba Cloud Linux 3 : 0079: cloud-kernel bugfix, enhancement and (ALINUX3-SA-2023:0079)	Nessus	Alibaba Cloud Linux Local Security Checks	2025/5/14	2025/9/23	high

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